Complete Guide to Oyama-ji Temple and Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine｜Enjoying History and Spectacular Views on Kanagawa’s Sacred Mountain
Oyama, standing at an altitude of 1,252 meters in Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, is a sacred peak that has long been revered as “amefuriyama” (the rain-bringing mountain). Nestled on its mid-slope are Oyama-ji Temple and Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine, which have stood adjacent to each other for over 1,300 years, continuing the unique faith culture that has persisted since the era of syncretism between Shintoism and Buddhism. This article provides a detailed explanation of the history, highlights, access methods, and points to remember when visiting both facilities.
The History and Faith of Oyama｜A Sacred Peak Revered as the Rain-Bringing Mountain
A Sacred Site of Mountain Worship Continuing from Ancient Times
Oyama has long been revered as a subject of mountain worship. The name “Afuri” (阿夫利) is said to derive from “amefuri” (rain-bringing), and it was considered an important sacred mountain that brought rain to people engaged in agriculture. According to shrine tradition, Oyama Afuri Shrine was founded during the reign of Emperor Sujin (around 97 BCE to 30 BCE), making it an ancient shrine with a history of over 2,000 years.
In the Engi Shiki Jinmeicho (Registry of Deities) compiled in 927 CE (Encho 5), it was listed as “Afuri Shrine” and ranked among the lesser shrines. This shows that it was already recognized by the imperial court as a shrine of considerable standing by this time.
Oyama Pilgrimage During the Syncretism Era
From the Nara through the Heian periods, Oyama developed as a spiritual site of Shugendo (mountain asceticism). It is said that in 755 CE (Tenpyo Shoho 7), Roben, the high priest known as the founder of Todai-ji Temple, established Oyama-ji Temple. Subsequently, Oyama-ji developed as a Shingon sect temple, and together with Oyama Afuri Shrine, it flourished as a syncretic shrine-temple complex.
During the Edo period, “Oyama pilgrimage” became hugely popular among the common people. Particularly, many pilgrims came from Edo, and pilgrimage organizations called “Oyama-ko” were formed in various places. At that time, Oyama was a popular pilgrimage destination for Edo residents, rivaling Mount Fuji and Hakone. Pilgrims’ lodges and teahouses lined the approach, and the site bustled with visitors throughout the year.
With the Meiji Restoration’s Shinbutsu Bunri (separation of Shintoism and Buddhism) decree, Oyama-ji Temple and Oyama Afuri Shrine were separated, but they continue to stand adjacent to each other today, preserving the faith culture of Oyama.
Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine｜A Spectacular Viewpoint at 700 Meters Elevation
Overview of the Lower Shrine and Its Enshrined Deities
Oyama Afuri Shrine consists of the main shrine at the summit (1,252 meters elevation), the lower shrine on the mid-slope (approximately 700 meters elevation), and the sessha (subsidiary shrines) of the main and inner shrines at the summit. The lower shrine is located just a few minutes’ walk from the Afuri Shrine Station, the terminus of the Oyama Cable Car, and is the central facility visited by most pilgrims.
The lower shrine enshrines Oyamatsumi no Okami (大山祇大神), the deity who rules over mountains. Oyamatsumi no Okami is said to possess divine virtues including abundant harvests, industrial prosperity, and maritime safety. In recent years, it has also gained attention as a power spot for matchmaking and professional luck.
Highlights of the Lower Shrine
Worship Hall and Main Hall
The lower shrine’s worship hall is a beautifully lacquered structure in red, creating a solemn atmosphere in harmony with the verdant mountains in the background. Behind the worship hall is the main hall, where a sacred worship space unfolds.
Spectacular Views from the Observation Deck
An observation deck is set up in the shrine’s precincts, offering spectacular vistas. On clear days, one can see at a glance Sagami Bay, Enoshima, the Miura Peninsula, the Boso Peninsula, the Izu Peninsula, and Izu Oshima Island. The grand landscape, especially on clear mornings and evenings, has been selected as one of “Kanagawa’s 50 scenic spots,” and visitors enjoy taking commemorative photographs.
On winter days when the air is particularly clear, the silhouette of Mount Fuji can sometimes be beautifully seen, delighting many visitors.
Teahouses and Rest Areas
The precincts include teahouses where one can enjoy the specialty Oyama tofu dishes and sweet sake. It is an ideal place to take a break during a climb.
Amulet Stamps and Protective Amulets
Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine issues not only standard amulet stamps but also limited-edition seasonal ones. Amulet stamp books with designs reflecting the character of Oyama are also available and are popular as mementos of one’s visit.
A wide variety of protective amulets are available, including those for matchmaking, professional luck, and traffic safety. The “musubi-mamori” (matchmaking amulet) is a particularly popular item unique to Oyama Afuri Shrine, which is known as a power spot for romantic connections.
Oyama-ji Temple｜An Ancient Temple Housing a Nationally Designated Important Cultural Property of the Acala Buddha
The History and Significance of Oyama-ji Temple
Oyama-ji Temple, with the mountain name Amefuri-san (Rain-Bringing Mountain), is a Shingon sect temple affiliated with the Daigaku-ji lineage, and is affectionately known as “Oyama Fudo” (Oyama Acala). It is said to have been founded in 755 CE (Tenpyo Shoho 7) by the high priest Roben, with the principal image being Acala (Fudo Myoo). During the Edo period, it prospered as a prayer site for the Tokugawa shogunate and gathered many pilgrims. It is currently counted as one of the three greatest Acala temples in the Kanto region and draws worshippers seeking protection from calamity, business prosperity, and the fulfillment of wishes.
Nationally Designated Important Cultural Properties
The principal image of Oyama-ji Temple, the seated statue of Acala and the two attending child deities (Kongara Doji and Seitaka Doji), are designated as nationally important cultural properties. Dating from the late Heian to early Kamakura period, they are characterized by their powerful and solemn appearance.
These Buddhist statues are normally enshrined in the treasure hall and may be opened to public viewing during special periods. When planning a visit, it is recommended to check in advance whether the images are on display.
Oyama-ji Temple as a Famous Autumn Foliage Spot
Oyama-ji Temple is known as one of Kanagawa Prefecture’s premier autumn foliage viewing sites. Particularly from mid to late November, the temple grounds and approach paths are dyed in shades of red and gold, attracting large numbers of tourists.
During the fall foliage season, nighttime illumination is also offered, allowing visitors to enjoy the autumn colors in a fantastical atmosphere. The foliage presents a different appearance than it does in daylight, making it a popular spot for photography enthusiasts.
Highlights of Oyama-ji Temple
Main Hall
The imposing main hall with its red lacquered finish is the central structure of Oyama-ji Temple. Goma fire rituals are performed within the hall, and worshippers visit to seek protection from calamity and the fulfillment of wishes.
Kawara-ke Throwing
At Oyama-ji Temple, visitors can throw clay discs inscribed with wishes toward a valley in a ritual called “kawara-ke nage.” It is believed that if you successfully toss a disc through a ring, your wish will be granted, and many visitors attempt this practice.
Bell Tower and Approach
Stone steps continue along the approach path, with a bell tower and stone Buddhist images placed along the way. Walking through the quiet mountain landscape allows one to experience the atmosphere of Shugendo mountain asceticism.
Easy Access via the Oyama Cable Car
Overview of the Oyama Cable Car
The Oyama Cable Car is a convenient way to access both Oyama-ji Temple and Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine. The cable car connects Oyama Cable Station to Afuri Shrine Station in approximately 6 minutes, allowing visitors to ascend a 300-meter elevation gain at once.
From the cable car windows, one can enjoy the natural beauty of Oyama in each season. Particularly during the autumn foliage season, the sight of the colored mountains is spectacular.
Intermediate Station “Oyama-ji Station”
The Oyama Cable Car has an intermediate station called “Oyama-ji Station,” where visitors can disembark for direct access to Oyama-ji Temple. It is approximately a 2-minute walk from Oyama-ji Station to the temple’s main hall.
After visiting Oyama-ji Temple, it is possible to board the cable car again to reach Afuri Shrine Station (an additional fare is required). Alternatively, from Oyama-ji Temple to Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine is connected by an approximately 15-minute walk along the pilgrimage path, making it possible to travel on foot.
Operating Hours and Fares
The Oyama Cable Car’s operating hours vary by season and day of the week. Generally, it operates from around 9 AM until late afternoon, though during peak seasons such as autumn foliage season, operating hours may be extended.
The fare is 640 yen for a single ticket and 1,120 yen for a round trip for adults (as of 2024). Fares for the section to Oyama-ji Station are also available. For details, please check the latest information on the official website.
Pilgrimage on Foot Is Also Possible
It is also possible to make a pilgrimage on foot without using the cable car. There are routes from Oyama Cable Station via the Ladies’ Slope (Onna-zaka) or the Men’s Slope (Otoko-zaka) toward Oyama-ji Temple and Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine.
The Ladies’ Slope is relatively gradual, with a travel time of approximately 40 minutes. The Men’s Slope features steep stone steps, with a travel time of approximately 30 minutes, but is better suited for those with confidence in their physical fitness. A foot pilgrimage offers a valuable opportunity to experience the atmosphere of Edo-era Oyama pilgrimages.
Access Methods｜How to Get There by Train and Bus
Access by Train and Bus
From Odakyu Line “Isehara Station”
The most common access route is via Isehara Station on the Odakyu Line.
- Exit Odakyu Line “Isehara Station” North Exit
- Board a Kanagawa Chuo Bus bound for “Oyama Cable” at the No. 4 bus stop (approximately 25 minutes)
- Disembark at the final stop “Oyama Cable” bus stop
- Walk approximately 15 minutes up Koma approach path to Oyama Cable Station
- Take the cable car to Oyama-ji Station or Afuri Shrine Station
Buses run approximately 2-3 times per hour on weekdays, with increased frequency on weekends. Temporary shuttle buses also operate during peak seasons such as autumn foliage season.
Access by Car and Parking
For those driving, it takes approximately 30 minutes from either the “Isehara IC” or “Hadano-Nakai IC” exits on the Tomei Expressway. However, roads around Oyama Cable Station are narrow, and congestion is particularly severe on weekends and during autumn foliage season.
Parking facilities include municipal and private parking lots around Oyama Cable Station, but spaces are limited, making use of public transportation recommended.
Sample Pilgrimage Courses for Oyama-ji Temple and Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine
Half-Day Course (Approximately 3-4 hours)
- Isehara Station (Depart 9:00 AM)
- Bus to Oyama Cable Bus Stop (Arrive 9:30 AM)
- Stroll Through Koma Approach Path (9:30 AM-10:00 AM)
- Browse the souvenir shops and restaurants featuring Oyama’s famous tofu dishes
- Board Oyama Cable Car (10:00 AM-10:10 AM)
- Disembark at Oyama-ji Station
- Visit Oyama-ji Temple (10:10 AM-11:00 AM)
- Worship at main hall, participate in kawara-ke throwing, stroll the temple grounds
- Walk to Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine (11:00 AM-11:15 AM)
- Visit Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine (11:15 AM-12:30 PM)
- Worship at the shrine, enjoy the spectacular views from the observation deck, receive amulet stamp, rest at teahouse
- Descend by Cable Car (12:30 PM-12:40 PM)
- Lunch at Koma Approach (12:40 PM-2:00 PM)
- Savor Oyama tofu dishes
- Return to Isehara Station by Bus (Arrive 2:30 PM)
Full-Day Course Including Climbing
For those confident in their physical fitness, you may also climb from Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine to the main shrine at the summit. The hiking trail from the lower shrine to the main shrine takes approximately 90 minutes. The views from the summit are even more spectacular than from the lower shrine, and on clear days, you can see all the way to Mount Fuji and the Southern Alps.
For climbing, mountaineering boots, drinking water, snacks, and other hiking gear are necessary. Attention must also be paid to changes in weather conditions.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Koma Approach Path
This stone-stepped approach path leads to Oyama Cable Station, with souvenir shops and restaurants lining both sides. Oyama’s famous tofu dishes, koma (spinning tops), and warabi-mochi (bracken starch dumplings) are popular items. The picturesque path, which retains the atmosphere of the Edo period, is enjoyable simply to stroll through.
Hyuga Yakushi
An ancient temple at the base of Oyama, said to have been founded during the Nara period. It houses valuable cultural properties including a nationally designated important cultural property main hall and a triad of Yakushi (Medicine Buddha) statues. Many people visit both this temple and Oyama-ji Temple during their pilgrimage.
Tourism in Isehara City
Besides Oyama, Isehara City has other attractions. The Sanno-miya Hibita Shrine, Sekiun-ji Temple, and other temples and shrines, as well as local agricultural product markets, are also recommended.
The Charm of Each Season
Spring (March-May)
Spring is a season of beautiful new growth. From late April through early May, wild cherry blossoms and azaleas bloom, coloring the approach and temple grounds. Worship in the crisp, fresh air is particularly special.
Summer (June-August)
Summer is climbing season. Due to the high elevation, it is cooler than at the base, allowing visitors to enjoy pilgrimage and mountain climbing while also escaping the heat. In July, a mountain-opening ceremony is held, and the site bustles with many climbers.
Autumn (September-November)
Autumn is the season of autumn foliage, Oyama’s most beautiful time of year. Particularly from mid to late November, the area around Oyama-ji Temple is enveloped in magnificent fall colors. Illumination is also provided, attracting many tourists both day and night.
Winter (December-February)
Winter is when the air is clearest and views from the observation deck are most beautiful. Mount Fuji and the Southern Alps are crystal clear, offering spectacular vistas. On New Year’s Day, many visitors come to view the first sunrise. However, attention must be paid to snow and icing.
Precautions and Manners When Visiting
Attire and Items to Bring
Since Oyama-ji Temple and Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine are located on the mid-slope of a mountain, temperatures are lower than at the base. Particularly in autumn and winter, warm clothing is necessary. Also, since the approach has many stone steps, visiting in easy-to-walk shoes is recommended.
If climbing to the summit, mountaineering boots, rain gear, drinking water, snacks, maps, and other climbing equipment are essential.
Pilgrimage Etiquette
At temples and shrines, worship quietly and be considerate not to disturb other visitors. Photography is permitted only in designated areas; refrain from photographing inside main halls or worship halls. When making an offering, place it in respectfully rather than throwing it. When receiving an amulet stamp, ask politely after your worship.
Peak Seasons
Autumn foliage season (mid to late November), the first three days of the new year, and Golden Week are extremely crowded. The cable car may have long waiting times, so it is necessary to plan with ample time.
If you wish to avoid crowds, visiting on weekdays or early in the morning is recommended.
Oyama’s Food Culture｜Local Specialties
Oyama Tofu
“Oyama tofu” is the most famous local specialty. Made with the clear spring water of Oyama, this tofu is characterized by its fine texture and rich flavor. Shops along the Koma approach and at temple teahouses offer tofu dishes such as yudofu (hot tofu), tofu steak, and tofu dengaku (tofu with sweet miso).
Warabi-mochi
Another specialty of Oyama is “warabi-mochi” (bracken starch dumplings). Its chewy texture and refined sweetness are popular, and it can be enjoyed at teahouses along the approach path.
Shojin-ryori (Buddhist Vegetarian Cuisine)
Around Oyama-ji Temple, lodges and restaurants offer traditional shojin-ryori (Buddhist vegetarian cuisine). Healthful dishes made with mountain ingredients are ideal meals following a pilgrimage.
Accommodations｜Temple Lodges and Nearby Hotels
Staying at a Temple Lodge
Several pilgrims’ lodges dating from the Edo period remain on Oyama and offer overnight stays. At these lodges, guests may experience Buddhist vegetarian cuisine and participate in morning religious services or training experiences. Spending a night in the quiet mountains offers a special experience away from daily life.
Hotels in Isehara City
Business hotels and city hotels are available around Isehara Station and can serve as a base for sightseeing. Those wishing to enjoy hot springs may choose to stay at a hot spring inn in the Hadano or Hakone areas.
Conclusion｜Refresh Body and Mind on Kanagawa’s Sacred Mountain
Oyama-ji Temple and Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine are historic temples and shrines enshrined on Oyama, Kanagawa Prefecture’s representative sacred peak. With over 1,300 years of history, syncretistic Shinto-Buddhist culture, nationally designated important cultural property Buddhist statues, spectacular observation deck views, and beautiful autumn foliage, there is much to see.
Those using the Oyama Cable Car can easily access the site, making it safe for first-time hikers and families. Additionally, those confident in their fitness can climb to the summit and enjoy even more spectacular views.
With its diverse attractions—nature in each season, traditional faith culture, and delicious Oyama cuisine—Oyama-ji Temple and Oyama Afuri Shrine Lower Shrine are well worth a visit. Please come experience the power of Kanagawa’s sacred mountain and enjoy a particularly special pilgrimage that will refresh both body and mind.
