Lake Koto Sanzan Sairyoji Temple (Shiga Prefecture) Complete Guide｜Thoroughly Explaining National Treasure Architecture and Famous Autumn Foliage Spots
Sairyoji Temple (さいみょうじ), part of Lake Koto Sanzan located in Kora Town, Inukami County, Shiga Prefecture, is an ancient Tendai Buddhist temple dating back to the Heian period. Positioned to the east of Lake Biwa, it is known as a renowned temple forming one of the “Lake Koto Sanzan” alongside Kongourinji Temple and Baekjesa Temple. The main hall and three-story pagoda designated as National Treasures, the vividly moss-covered temple grounds, and the spectacular autumn foliage created by over 1,000 Japanese maples continue to captivate numerous pilgrims and tourists.
This article comprehensively explains the historical value of Sairyoji, the appeal of its structures, seasonal highlights, visiting information, and access methods—everything you should know before visiting.
Lake Koto Sanzan Sairyoji Temple｜An Ancient Tendai Buddhist Temple Continuing from the Heian Period
Sairyoji Temple was founded in 834 (Jowa 1) by the three monks (Sanshusho-nin) at the imperial command of Emperor Ninmei as a Tendai Buddhist temple. Also known by the alternative name “Ikedera,” it is also revered as the thirty-second temple of the Saigoku Forty-Nine Yakushi Pilgrimage Sites.
Positioning as Part of Lake Koto Sanzan
Lake Koto Sanzan is a collective term for three Tendai Buddhist temples located on the eastern side of Lake Biwa. Besides Sairyoji, it includes Kongourinji and Baekjesa temples, all nationally recognized as famous autumn foliage spots. All three temples possess precious structures built from the Heian period through the Kamakura period, and as a temple group of high historical and cultural value, they attract many cultural heritage enthusiasts and tourists.
Sairyoji stands out particularly in possessing two National Treasure structures, making it a precious existence that conveys Kamakura-period architectural style to the present day.
The History and Origins of Sairyoji
The founding of Sairyoji dates back to the early Heian period in 834 (Jowa 1). It is said that Three Monks Sanshusho-nin (also called Jisho Shonin), receiving imperial command from Emperor Ninmei, opened the temple, and from its inception, it maintained close ties with the imperial family as a prestigious temple.
At the time of its founding, it is said to have been a large temple equipped with seven main buildings, but during the Sengoku period, many structures were lost to war fires. However, the main hall and three-story pagoda miraculously escaped the flames and have been preserved to the present day as precious Kamakura-period architectural structures.
During the Edo period, the temple received patronage from the Hikone clan lord of the Ii family, and restoration and repairs of the temple grounds were carried out. From the Meiji period onward, its value has continued to be protected through the faith of local people and efforts in cultural property preservation.
The Main Hall Designated as National Treasure Number One｜A Masterpiece of Kamakura Architecture Using No Nails
Sairyoji’s main hall is a structure built in the early Kamakura period (first half of the 13th century) and was designated as National Treasure Number One in 1953 (Showa 28), making it an extremely important structure in Japanese architectural history.
Architectural Characteristics of the Main Hall
The main hall is a structure that exemplifies the essence of pure Japanese architecture, with its greatest characteristic being the “wood joinery method that uses not a single nail.” This technique of maintaining structural integrity by precisely combining pillars and beams is evidence of the high level of traditional Japanese architectural technology.
The building has dimensions of five bays in the east-west direction and six bays in the north-south direction, with a roof finished in hinoki bark shingles (ひわだぶき). It strongly retains Kamakura-period architectural style, characterized by powerful and simple beauty. The interior structural materials and decorative elements are preserved as they were at that time, making them valuable reference materials for architectural history research.
Buddhist Statues Enshrined in the Main Hall
In the inner sanctuary of the main hall is enshrined the principal image, a seated Yakushi Nyorai statue (designated as a National Important Cultural Property). This Yakushi Nyorai image is also believed to be from the Kamakura period, and its serene yet powerful expression welcomes visitors.
Particularly noteworthy are the twelve heavenly generals standing figures that protect the principal image. These statues characteristically have figures of the twelve zodiac animals on their heads, and each assumes a different expression and pose. The realism and dynamic energy characteristic of Kamakura-period Buddhist sculpture are beautifully expressed, and they are designated as Important Cultural Properties.
Within the hall, these Buddhist statues can be observed up close, allowing visitors to feel the faith and artistry of the Kamakura period firsthand.
The Multicolored Three-Story Pagoda｜A National Treasure Structure of Cypress Wood
Another National Treasure of Sairyoji is the three-story pagoda standing within the temple grounds. This pagoda is also believed to have been built during the Kamakura period (mid-13th century) and is designated as a National Treasure alongside the main hall.
Architectural Style of the Three-Story Pagoda
The three-story pagoda is constructed entirely of hinoki cypress wood, standing approximately 24 meters tall. From the first to third stories, it possesses well-proportioned and beautiful proportions, and is highly evaluated as a typical example of Kamakura-period pagoda architecture.
The roof is finished in hinoki bark shingles, with structures called mokoshi (ornamental eaves) set at each story, creating an elegant impression. The spire (sorin) of the pagoda also remains from the original time, making it extremely valuable for having nearly completely preserved its appearance at the time of construction.
Interior Polychromatic Wall Paintings
Inside the three-story pagoda remain polychromatic wall paintings drawn during the Kamakura period. These wall paintings depict Buddhist narratives, flying celestial beings, and flowers and birds, and are valuable cultural properties conveying the color sense and painting techniques of the era.
Interior access is normally limited, but during special openings, there are opportunities to view the paintings up close. The brilliant colors that remain despite the passage of time convey the aesthetic sense and faith of the Kamakura period to the present day.
The Two Heavenly Kings Gate and Nio Statues｜Powerful Guardian Deities
Upon entering the temple grounds of Sairyoji, the first thing visitors encounter is the Two Heavenly Kings Gate (Nitenmon). This gate is believed to have been constructed in the early Muromachi period and is designated as a National Important Cultural Property.
Characteristics of the Two Heavenly Kings Gate
As its name indicates, the Two Heavenly Kings Gate is a gate housing two heavenly being statues. It features a gabled roof with hinoki bark shingles, characterized by simple yet powerful construction. It well retains the style of Muromachi-period gate architecture, and together with the main hall and three-story pagoda, forms the historical landscape of Sairyoji.
Impressive Twin Heavenly King Statues
Enshrined in the Two Heavenly Kings Gate are statues of Dhritarashtra and Virudhaka, the two great heavenly kings. These statues are believed to date from the Muromachi period and are massive wooden sculptures approximately three meters tall.
With expressions of fury on their faces and depicted trampling evil underfoot, they possess overwhelming power and captivate visitors. The details of the sculptures are carefully finished, testifying to the high skill of the sculptors of the time.
When passing through the Two Heavenly Kings Gate, please take time to carefully observe these heavenly king statues.
The Famous Garden “Horai-tei”｜A World of Beauty Woven by Moss and Autumn Foliage
Sairyoji is also called “the moss temple of Omi” due to the beautiful moss growing naturally throughout the temple grounds. In particular, the famous garden “Horai-tei (蓬莱庭)” is designated as a National Famous Garden.
Characteristics of Horai-tei
Horai-tei is designed as a pond-viewing style garden featuring design modeled after Penglai Mountain in China (an ideal utopia where immortals are said to reside). Large and small stones are placed throughout the garden, surrounded by vivid moss.
Moss grows abundantly around stone walls and the bases of old trees, creating a landscape like a green carpet. This beauty of moss is one of the great attractions of Sairyoji and delights visitors throughout the four seasons.
Types of Moss and Points of Interest
It is said that dozens of species of moss grow naturally within Sairyoji’s grounds. Various types of moss such as Hinoki-goke, Sugi-goke, and Hai-goke create a green gradation that changes appearance depending on the season and angle of light.
Moss is particularly vibrant when wet from rain or morning dew, creating a fantastical atmosphere. “Moss appreciation” (taiaisui appreciation) has recently attracted attention as a way to enjoy Japanese gardens, and Sairyoji stands as one of its finest examples.
Seasonal Garden Beauty Throughout the Year
Horai-tei presents different beauty in each season: spring greenery, summer deep green, autumn foliage, and winter snow scenes. Particularly during the autumn foliage season, the contrast between brilliant red-dyed maples and vivid green moss is breathtakingly beautiful, attracting many photography enthusiasts.
Famous Autumn Foliage Site｜The Spectacular Autumn Landscape Painted by 1,000 Japanese Maples
Sairyoji is particularly known among the Lake Koto Sanzan temples for the beauty of its autumn foliage. The temple grounds are planted with over 1,000 Japanese maples, and in autumn the entire temple grounds turn brilliant red.
Best Viewing Season for Autumn Foliage
The best time to view autumn foliage at Sairyoji is typically from mid-November to late November. Due to differences in elevation and sunlight, the timing of color change varies slightly between different areas of the temple grounds, allowing for relatively extended enjoyment of the foliage.
Particularly, weekends in mid-November are when the foliage reaches its peak, drawing large numbers of tourists. To avoid crowds, mornings on weekdays or times near evening are recommended.
Autumn Foliage Viewing Spots
The temple grounds contain numerous spots where visitors can enjoy the autumn foliage.
Approach Path Foliage Tunnel
The approach path leading to the Two Heavenly Kings Gate is covered by maples on both sides, forming a foliage tunnel. The autumn leaves viewed while climbing the stone steps are truly spectacular.
Autumn Foliage Around the Main Hall
The landscape of brilliant red maples with the National Treasure main hall as backdrop is a signature view of Sairyoji, with magnificent harmony between structures and nature.
Three-Story Pagoda and Autumn Foliage
Many maples are planted around the three-story pagoda, and the collaboration between the National Treasure structure and autumn foliage symbolizes the beauty of autumn in Japan.
Horai-tei Autumn Foliage
In the famous garden Horai-tei, the contrast between autumn foliage and the green of moss is particularly beautiful, and the reflection of foliage on the water surface creates great atmosphere.
Selected as One of “34 Most Beautiful Places in Japan” by CNN
The autumn foliage at Sairyoji has received international recognition for its beauty, selected as one of CNN’s “34 Most Beautiful Places in Japan,” proof that Sairyoji’s foliage represents world-class scenery.
Fudan Sakura and Spring Scenery｜Charm Throughout the Four Seasons
Sairyoji offers beautiful scenery not only for autumn foliage but throughout spring and summer.
Highlights of the Fudan Sakura
Within the temple grounds stands a rare cherry tree called the “Fudan Sakura” (不断桜). This cherry variety blooms from autumn through winter, offering the unusual sight of viewing cherry blossoms during the autumn foliage season.
The sight of autumn foliage and cherry blossoms appearing simultaneously is a rare occurrence found nowhere else but Sairyoji.
Beauty of the Fresh Green Season
The fresh green season from spring through early summer also reveals Sairyoji’s beautiful appearance. The pale green of new leaves interweaves with the deep green of moss, creating a refreshing atmosphere.
During this season, tourists are relatively few, making it ideal for those wishing to quietly stroll through the temple grounds—a recommended season for leisurely worship.
Ancient Couple Cypress Trees with 1,000 Years of Age｜Giant Trees as Natural Monuments
Within Sairyoji’s grounds stands a pair of cypress trees (meotosugi) believed to be approximately 1,000 years old. These cypress trees exhibit a rare form where two trees have become one at their base, revered as symbols of marriage and conjugal harmony.
Reaching heights of approximately 30 meters, their majestic appearance tells of Sairyoji’s long history. Please pause before these magnificent trees during your visit and feel their life force.
Visiting Information for Sairyoji｜Admission Fees, Hours, and Estimated Time
Visiting Hours and Admission Fees
Visiting Hours
8:00–17:00 (open year-round)
Admission Fees
- Adults: 600 yen
- Middle school students: 300 yen
- Elementary school students: 200 yen
※Group discounts and disability discounts are also available; please check the official website for details.
Recommended Time Allowance
For a leisurely tour of Sairyoji’s grounds, approximately 60–90 minutes is recommended. Time for carefully viewing the main hall, three-story pagoda, and Horai-tei garden, plus exploring the grounds, requires about this duration.
During autumn foliage season or when photography is a priority, it is recommended to allow more time.
About Temple Stamps (Goshuin)
Stamps can be obtained at Sairyoji. They are available at the stamp office near the main hall after your visit. Stamps for the Saigoku Forty-Nine Yakushi Pilgrimage can also be obtained, so be sure to stop by if you are undertaking the pilgrimage circuit.
Access Methods｜How to Get There by Train, Bus, or Car
Access by Train and Bus
When Using JR Lake Biwa Line
- Get off at Kawase Station on the JR Lake Biwa Line
- Board the Kaikoku Bus heading to “Sairyoji-mae” (approximately 15 minutes)
- Get off at “Sairyoji-mae” bus stop, approximately 5 minutes walk
When Using Omi Railway
- Get off at Amako Station on the Omi Railway
- Approximately 10 minutes by taxi
※As the number of buses is limited, it is recommended to check the timetable in advance. Considering taxi use is also advisable.
Access by Car
When Using Meishin Expressway
- Approximately 20 minutes from “Hikone IC”
- Approximately 5 minutes from “Lake Koto Sanzan Smart IC” (ETC-only)
Lake Koto Sanzan Smart IC is the closest interchange to Sairyoji and is extremely convenient for vehicles equipped with ETC.
Parking Information
Sairyoji has free parking available for visitors. Approximately 100 regular vehicles can be parked.
On weekends during autumn foliage season, the parking lot becomes congested; arriving early or using public transportation is recommended. Temporary parking may be opened depending on circumstances; please check official information.
Lake Koto Sanzan Circuit｜Visiting Kongourinji and Baekjesa Temples
When visiting Sairyoji, it is recommended to also visit the other two temples of Lake Koto Sanzan, Kongourinji and Baekjesa.
Kongourinji Temple (金剛輪寺)
Located approximately 10 minutes by car from Sairyoji, Kongourinji is a famous foliage spot known for its “blood-stained maples.” Like Sairyoji, it possesses precious structures including a main hall (National Treasure) and three-story pagoda (Important Cultural Property).
Baekjesa Temple (百済寺)
The oldest among Lake Koto Sanzan temples, Baekjesa is said to have been founded by Prince Shotoku. Once called the “Lake Koto’s Mt. Hiei,” it was a vast temple complex, but many structures were lost during the Sengoku period; the main hall and other buildings have since been reconstructed.
Three-Temple Combination Ticket
Lake Koto Sanzan offers combination admission tickets for all three temples, which provide savings compared to purchasing individual tickets. It is possible to visit all three temples in a single day; those with time to spare should definitely try the Lake Koto Sanzan circuit.
Nearby Attractions｜Worth-Visiting Nearby Locations
Hikone Castle
Located approximately 30 minutes by car from Sairyoji, Hikone Castle is a famous castle with a tower designated as a National Treasure. As the residence of the Ii clan, it features beautiful castle architecture and a charming garden.
Taga Grand Shrine
Affectionately known as “Otaga-san,” Taga Grand Shrine is located approximately 20 minutes by car from Sairyoji. An ancient shrine dedicated to Izanagi-no-mikoto and Izanami-no-mikoto, it is known for blessings of longevity and good marriage.
Omi Merchant Residences
Numerous residences of Omi merchants who flourished from the Edo period through the Meiji period remain in the city of Omihachiman. By strolling through historic townscapes, visitors can touch the culture of Omi merchants.
Nearby Accommodations｜Bases for Sairyoji Sightseeing
Several convenient accommodations are available near Sairyoji for tourism.
Hotel Route-Inn Higashi-Omi Hacchinichi Station Front
Positioned in front of Omihachiman Station on the Omi Railway, this business hotel is convenient as a base for Lake Koto Sanzan sightseeing. It offers complimentary breakfast and a large public bath to soothe travel fatigue.
Comfort Inn Hacchinichi
Located alongside National Route 8, this hotel is convenient for car access. With complimentary breakfast service, visitors can have substantial nourishment before sightseeing.
Inns and Hot Spring Resorts in the Hikone and Omihachiman Area
Extending a bit further, the areas around Hikone Castle and Omihachiman offer charming inns and hot spring resorts. Visitors can experience accommodations unique to Shiga, such as those overlooking Lake Biwa or featuring local beef (Omi beef).
Important Notes and Etiquette for Visiting Sairyoji
About Photography
Photography within the temple grounds is generally permitted, though certain areas such as the main hall interior have photography restrictions. Where photography is prohibited, rules must be observed.
Also, the use of tripods may be disruptive to other visitors; during crowded times, they should be avoided or used according to staff instructions.
Clothing and Items to Bring
Since the Sairyoji grounds are uneven with many stone steps, visiting in comfortable walking shoes is recommended. Particularly during autumn foliage season when crowds gather, clothing allowing ease of movement is advisable.
During rainy weather, the approach path becomes slippery; caution is necessary. Bring an umbrella or rain gear.
Etiquette of Worship
Sairyoji is both a tourist destination and a place of faith. When worshipping at the main hall, clasp your hands quietly and conduct yourself with respect.
Avoid loud conversations or running about, and always show consideration for other worshippers.
Annual Events and Festivals at Sairyoji
Spring Grand Festival
Held annually in April, the Spring Grand Festival features religious services to the principal image, Yakushi Nyorai. Worship during this season of beautiful fresh green is also recommended.
Autumn Grand Festival and Autumn Foliage Night Illumination
In November, the Autumn Grand Festival is held, and night illumination of the autumn foliage may be conducted during the foliage season (varying by year). Visitors can enjoy the spectacular autumn foliage landscape, different from daytime views and filled with enchantment.
Special Exhibitions
Several times yearly, normally non-public cultural properties and interior wall paintings of the three-story pagoda are made available for special viewing. Check the official website for information to avoid missing these rare opportunities.
Conclusion｜Sairyoji—A Treasure Trove of Cultural Properties and Natural Beauty That Shiga Takes Pride In
Lake Koto Sanzan’s Sairyoji Temple, with its National Treasure main hall and three-story pagoda representing precious Kamakura architecture, over 1,000 maples, beautiful moss gardens, and a history spanning more than 1,000 years, is a preeminent temple representing Shiga Prefecture.
The temple grounds display different appearances throughout the four seasons, and repeat visits always reveal new discoveries. Particularly during autumn foliage season, a spectacular landscape worthy of CNN’s selection as “one of Japan’s most beautiful places” unfolds.
Embraced by nature on the eastern shore of Lake Biwa, Sairyoji is where harmony between Japan’s traditional culture and nature creates beauty—be sure to experience it firsthand. Together with Kongourinji and Baekjesa temples, the Lake Koto Sanzan circuit offers a more fulfilling Shiga tourism experience.
For history enthusiasts, architecture fans, nature lovers, photography enthusiasts, and all travelers alike, Sairyoji is a special place well worth visiting.
