The Great Zelkova of Higashine, Yamagata Prefecture | A Complete Guide to Japan’s Largest Giant Tree
The “Great Zelkova of Higashine” standing majestically in the schoolyard of Higashine Elementary School in Higashine City, Yamagata Prefecture, is one of Japan’s most remarkable giant trees, with an estimated age of over 1,500 years. Protected as a National Designated Special Natural Monument, this great zelkova was selected as the “East Yokozuna” in the Japan Zelkova Ranking and continues to captivate visitors with its overwhelming presence.
This article provides a comprehensive explanation of the Great Zelkova of Higashine, covering its historical background, detailed specifications, seasonal highlights, access methods, and surrounding tourist attractions—everything about this largest giant tree in Japan.
The Great Zelkova of Higashine | Overview of Japan’s Premier Zelkova
The Great Zelkova of Higashine is a giant zelkova tree of the largest class in Japan, growing in the schoolyard of Higashine Municipal Higashine Elementary School at 1-1 Honmarumiami 1-chome, Higashine City, Yamagata Prefecture. Due to its overwhelming scale and historical value, it was designated as a National Special Natural Monument on September 11, 1957 (Showa 32).
Remarkable Specifications
The primary measurements of the Great Zelkova of Higashine are as follows:
- Height: 28 meters
- Root circumference: 24 meters
- Circumference at breast height: 16 meters (at 1.2 meters above ground)
- Diameter: Approximately 5 meters
- Age: Over 1,500 years (estimated)
- Main trunk bifurcation: Splits into two branches at 5.5 meters above ground
These measurements make it Japan’s number one among zelkova trees, and it is referred to as one of the “Three Great Zelkovas of Japan” alongside the “Great Zelkova of Haramachi” in Gunma Prefecture and the “Great Zelkova of Mie” in Yamanashi Prefecture (both National Natural Monuments).
East Yokozuna in the Japan Zelkova Ranking
The Great Zelkova of Higashine holds the position of “East Yokozuna” in the Japan Zelkova Ranking. This ranking evaluates Japan’s giant zelkova trees using a sumo wrestling ranking system, indicating the honorable title of the Great Zelkova of Higashine being one of Japan’s largest zelkovas.
History of the Great Zelkova of Higashine | A Story Spanning Over 1,500 Years
History Continuing from the Nanboku-chō Period
The location where the Great Zelkova of Higashine stands corresponds to the original fortress of Higashine Castle, built by warrior Oda Shigenobu in 1347 (Teiwaji 3 of the Nanboku-chō period). Interestingly, records show that this zelkova already existed when the castle was built and was already a large tree at that time.
In other words, the fact that it was already a large tree in 1347 supports the estimate of an age of over 1,500 years. This zelkova can be said to be a living witness to the history of Higashine Castle.
Scientific Survey by the Yamagata Prefectural Forest Tree Experimental Station
Professional investigation by Masahide Otsu (Doctor of Agriculture) at the Yamagata Prefectural Forest Tree Experimental Station scientifically estimated the age of the Great Zelkova of Higashine to be over 1,500 years. This survey comprehensively analyzed the tree’s growth rate, trunk thickness, and historical records, producing a highly reliable estimate.
As a Symbol of Higashine City
Throughout its long history, the Great Zelkova of Higashine has been cherished by local people and has been loved as a symbol of Higashine City. Currently, the students of Higashine Elementary School see it daily in their lives, and it is carefully protected as a source of regional pride.
Highlights of the Great Zelkova of Higashine | Seasonal Attractions
Spring’s Fresh Greenery
In spring, the Great Zelkova of Higashine becomes enveloped in vibrant fresh greenery. The sight of the entire giant canopy turning a bright green color is full of vitality and gives visitors hope and vigor. Particularly from late April to May is when the young leaves are most beautiful.
Summer’s Deep Green Shade
In summer, the Great Zelkova of Higashine puts forth deep green leaves and creates extensive shade. This shade covers a wide area of the Higashine Elementary School schoolyard and serves as a place of rest for students. The shade created by this 28-meter-tall giant tree is truly like a natural parasol.
Autumn’s Autumn Foliage
The autumn colors of the Great Zelkova of Higashine typically reach their peak in early November. The sight of the entire giant canopy changing color from yellow to orange and then reddish-brown is magnificent. Many tourists and photography enthusiasts visit during the autumn foliage season to capture its majestic form with their cameras.
The autumn colors of zelkova differ from those of ginkgo and Japanese maple, and combined with the scale of the great zelkova, they create a spectacular autumn landscape not seen elsewhere.
Winter’s Solemn Appearance
When winter arrives, the Great Zelkova of Higashine reveals its skeletal structure as it sheds its leaves. The complex structure woven by thick, powerful trunks and branches is testimony to the life force that has survived over 1,500 years. Standing in the snow-covered schoolyard, the figure of the great zelkova is solemn and even inspiring.
Access to the Great Zelkova of Higashine | Transportation Methods and Travel Time
Basic Information
- Location: 1-1 Honmarumiami 1-chome, Higashine City, Yamagata Prefecture (Higashine Municipal Higashine Elementary School)
- Viewing hours: Basically during school operating hours during the day (may be unavailable during school events)
- Entrance fee: Free
- Parking: Available (free, though spaces are limited)
Access by Train
From JR Higashine Station:
- Get off at “Higashine Station” on the JR Ou Main Line
- Approximately 15 minutes on foot from Higashine Station
- About 5 minutes by taxi
From Yamagata Station:
- Approximately 30 minutes by the Ou Main Line from Yamagata Station to Higashine Station
- Approximately 15 minutes on foot from Higashine Station
Access by Bus
If using a bus from Yamagata Station, travel time is approximately 1 hour. However, as service is limited, it is recommended to check the schedule in advance.
Access by Car
Using the Tohoku Chuo Expressway:
- About 10 minutes from Higashine IC
- About 15 minutes from Higashine Kita IC
Using the Yamagata Expressway:
- About 30 minutes from Yamagata Kita IC via National Route 13
When setting your car navigation, search for “Higashine Municipal Higashine Elementary School” or the address “1-1-1 Honmarumiami, Higashine City, Yamagata Prefecture.”
Parking Information
Higashine Elementary School has parking spaces for visitors, but the number is limited. Particularly during the autumn foliage season and on weekends, congestion is expected, so please also consider using public transportation. Additionally, keep in mind that it is located within a school facility and be mindful of viewing quietly.
Tourist Attractions Around the Great Zelkova of Higashine
In Higashine City and surrounding areas, there are various tourist attractions in addition to the Great Zelkova.
Sakuranbo Higashine Onsen
A hot spring resort within walking distance of Higashine Station, themed around Yamagata’s famous cherries (sakuranbo). After viewing the Great Zelkova, you can unwind in the hot spring. There are many day-use bathing facilities, making it an ideal base for sightseeing.
Higashine City Sakuranbo Tantokuru Center
A facility where you can purchase specialty products of Higashine City, including cherries. There is a wide selection of fruits and processed products from Yamagata Prefecture, local sake, and more. An ideal spot for souvenir shopping.
Yaji Hachiman Shrine
A historic shrine located about 20 minutes by car from Higashine City. It features an impressive main hall and is also known as a power spot. Many tourists visit it in combination with the Great Zelkova of Higashine.
Lake Pia Shiro
A recreational facility on the shores of Shiromizu River Dam Lake, also known as an autumn foliage viewing spot. Combined with the autumn colors of the Great Zelkova, you can fully enjoy autumn in Yamagata.
Wakagi Mountain Park
A viewpoint overlooking Higashine City. Famous as a cherry blossom spot, approximately 300 cherry trees bloom in spring. You can enjoy natural beauty different from that of the Great Zelkova.
The Charm of Higashine City | Fruit Kingdom Higashine
Higashine City is known as “Fruit Kingdom Higashine” and boasts top-class production volume of cherries throughout the nation. During the cherry-picking season from June to July, many tourists visit.
Additionally, you can enjoy seasonal fruit picking such as La France pears and grapes, making it an irresistible area for fruit lovers. A trip that combines viewing the Great Zelkova of Higashine with tasting seasonal fruits is also recommended.
Precautions When Viewing the Great Zelkova of Higashine
Be Mindful It Is Within a School Facility
The Great Zelkova of Higashine is located in the schoolyard of Higashine Elementary School. While viewing is possible, please be aware it is an educational facility for students and note the following:
- View quietly
- Do not interfere with student activities
- Do not enter school buildings
- Always take trash with you
- Viewing may not be possible during school events
Photography Etiquette
Photography is permitted, but please be considerate so that students do not appear in shots. Additionally, drone photography is prohibited as it is within school grounds.
Times of Expected Congestion
The following periods are expected to be particularly crowded:
- Autumn foliage season (early November)
- Golden Week
- Weekends and holidays
If you wish to avoid crowds, weekday mornings are recommended.
Protection Activities for the Great Zelkova of Higashine
The Great Zelkova of Higashine, designated as a National Special Natural Monument, is carefully protected by local residents and specialists. Regular health checkups and tree vigor recovery measures are performed to pass this giant tree, which has lived for over 1,500 years, to future generations.
Regular examinations by professional tree doctors check the tree’s vigor, presence of pests and diseases, soil conditions, and other factors in detail, with treatment and preventive measures implemented as needed.
The Great Zelkova of Higashine and Japan’s Three Great Zelkovas
The Great Zelkova of Higashine is considered one of the “Three Great Zelkovas of Japan.” The other two are as follows:
Great Zelkova of Haramachi (Gunma Prefecture)
A National Designated Natural Monument in Numata City, Gunma Prefecture, with an estimated age of about 1,200 years. Its trunk circumference is about 12 meters, which does not match the Great Zelkova of Higashine but is known for its beautiful tree form.
Great Zelkova of Mie (Yamanashi Prefecture)
A National Designated Natural Monument in Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture, with an estimated age of about 1,000 years. Its trunk circumference is about 11 meters, and it is cherished as a local symbol.
Among these three great zelkovas, the Great Zelkova of Higashine is truly Japan’s number one zelkova both in name and reality, with its overwhelming scale of a 16-meter trunk circumference.
Best Seasons to Visit the Great Zelkova of Higashine
The Great Zelkova of Higashine displays different charms throughout the year, but particularly recommended seasons are as follows:
New Foliage Season (May)
Fresh young leaves are beautiful, and you can see the tree’s full vitality. The weather is also mild and ideal for sightseeing.
Autumn Foliage Season (Early November)
The most popular season. The sight of the entire giant canopy changing color is magnificent and ideal for photography. However, congestion is expected, so it is recommended to visit with plenty of time.
Early Summer Cherry Season (June)
It is also recommended to visit in combination with cherry picking, Higashine City’s specialty. You can enjoy both the Great Zelkova’s deep green and sweet cherries simultaneously.
Event Information in the Higashine Area
Throughout the year, various events are held in Higashine City:
Higashine Festival (August)
Higashine City’s largest summer festival, featuring fireworks and parades. You can feel the vitality of the region.
Sakuranbo Marathon Race (June)
A marathon race held during the cherry season, attracting many runners from across the nation. There are cherry support services along the course.
Great Zelkova of Higashine Illumination (Irregular)
During special events, the Great Zelkova may be illuminated. The nighttime appearance of the Great Zelkova creates a different, fantastical atmosphere compared to daytime.
Gourmet Information Around the Great Zelkova of Higashine
In Higashine City and surrounding areas, you can enjoy gourmet foods unique to Yamagata:
Yamagata Soba
Yamagata Prefecture is known as a soba production region. Authentic soba restaurants are scattered throughout Higashine City, where you can enjoy delicious soba prepared with “three freshnesses”—freshly ground, freshly made, and freshly boiled.
Yamagata Beef
Yamagata Beef, famous as a brand Japanese beef, is served at yakiniku restaurants and dining establishments. Enjoying luxury lunch or dinner after viewing the Great Zelkova is also recommended.
Cherry Sweets
Cherry sweets unique to Higashine City are a must-try. You can enjoy various sweets such as cherry parfait, cherry tart, and cherry ice cream.
Cultural Value of the Great Zelkova of Higashine
The Great Zelkova of Higashine has cultural value beyond being merely a giant tree. Through its long lifespan of over 1,500 years, watching over the changes in the region’s history, this tree is itself the history of Higashine City.
From Higashine Castle in the Nanboku-chō period through the Sengoku period, Edo period, Meiji Restoration, both world wars, and to the present day, this great zelkova has stood unwavering in this place. Its form teaches us the universal value transcending time and the sacredness of life.
Conclusion | The Great Zelkova of Higashine Is a Must-See Giant Tree
The Great Zelkova of Higashine in Higashine City, Yamagata Prefecture, is Japan’s number one zelkova, boasting an overwhelming scale with an age of over 1,500 years, a height of 28 meters, and a trunk circumference of 16 meters. Protected as a National Designated Special Natural Monument and selected as the “East Yokozuna” in the Japan Zelkova Ranking, this giant tree is one of Yamagata Prefecture’s representative tourist attractions.
While located in the familiar schoolyard of Higashine Elementary School, its presence is overwhelming, deeply moving all who visit. From spring’s fresh greenery and summer’s deep shade to autumn’s autumn colors and winter’s solemn appearance, the Great Zelkova displays different faces with each season, and each visit brings new discoveries.
Its convenient accessibility, just a 15-minute walk from JR Higashine Station, is also an attraction. You can enjoy a fulfilling Yamagata sightseeing experience combined with Higashine City’s specialty products such as cherries, nearby hot springs, and local cuisine.
Please be sure to visit and experience the overwhelming presence of this over 1,500-year-old giant zelkova, Japan’s greatest. The life force and historical weight emanating from this giant tree will surely be deeply etched in your heart.
